Palabras clave
volátiles
crecimiento vegetal
bioestimulación
Resumen
Los organismos pueden comunicarse a través de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COVs), los cuales al ser percibidos generan una respuesta fisiológica. Los COVs son moléculas de bajo peso molecular, que se encuentran en forma de vapor a presión y temperatura ambiente y se sintetizan a través de múltiples rutas metabólicas. A los COVs se le han atribuido diversas funciones en los ecosistemas, en eucariontes para encontrar parejas o responder a condiciones desfavorables y entre bacterias funcionan como moléculas inductoras de la expresión génica. Los hongos han colonizado prácticamente toda clase de hábitats y sus moléculas pueden ser percibidas para alejar a depredadores, incluso algunos poseen actividad bactericida o antifúngica. Recientemente, el interés en el estudio de sus volátiles se ha incrementado, debido a su efecto promotor del crecimiento en múltiples especies vegetales, lo cual los hace candidatos para un posible uso biotecnológico en la agricultura e industria, y con ello, disminuir el uso de agroquímicos y pesticidas.
Citas
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